The bansuri, shehnai and harmonium are important wind instruments. Discover music on Discogs, the largest online music database. Printable version | Feb 16, 2021 6:51:56 PM | https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/the-hindu-margazhi-classical-music-competition-brindha-sivakumar-third-prize-in-hindustani-20-40-years/article33648623.ece, N. Rajendran presents his veenas with the flourish of a jeweller, carefully lining up the handcrafted string instruments against the wall of his, The Padma Shri goes to a musician who spans borders and genres with ease. Ravi Shankar, Indian musician and composer who played the sitar and was known for bringing Indian music to the attention of the West, primarily through his concerts with violinist Yehudi Menuhin and through his association with George Harrison of the Beatles. Smt. The lyrics are typically in a proto-Hindi language called Brij Bhasha and are usually romantic. Directed by Dharmesh Darshan. A number of instruments (such as the sitar) were also introduced in his time. ... His father, Dr. T. Lokanadha Sarma is a direct disciple more. The importance of the khyal's content is for the singer to depict, through music in the set raga, the emotional significance of the khyal. In the Indian sub-continent, Ghazal became the most common form of poetry in the Urdu language and was popularized by classical poets like Mir Taqi Mir, Ghalib, Daagh, Zauq and Sauda amongst the North Indian literary elite. This is a very flawed system but is somewhat useful as a heuristic. For example, raga Khamaj and its variants have been classicized from folk music, while ragas such as Hijaz (also called Basant Mukhari) originated in Persian maqams. It originated in North India around 13th and 14th centuries. Another vocal form, taranas are medium- to fast-paced songs that are used to convey a mood of elation and are usually performed towards the end of a concert. She started taking training of music from her father, Lokesh Wahane, who is a Master of Santoor. Leading vocalists outside the Dagar lineage include the Mallik family of Darbhanga tradition of musicians; some of the leading exponents of this tradition were Ram Chatur Mallick, Siyaram Tiwari, and Vidur Mallick. Its origins date from the 12th century CE, when it diverged from Carnatic music, the classical tradition of southern regions of the Indian subcontinent. [8] The inaudible sound is said to be the principle of all manifestation, the basis of all substance. I find that fascinating. He is a colossus of Malayalam music in general. The alap is followed by a long slow-tempo improvisation in vocal music, or by the jod and jhala in instrumental music. They consist of a few lines of Farsi poetry with soft syllables or bols set to a tune. As the Mughal Empire came into closer contact with Hindus, especially under Jalal ud-Din Akbar, music and dance also flourished. He is credited with systematizing some aspects of Hindustani music, and also introducing several ragas such as Yaman Kalyan, Zeelaf and Sarpada. Directed by Shashanka Ghosh. Hindustani classical music is primarily vocal-centric, insofar as the musical forms were designed primarily for a vocal performance, and many instruments were designed and evaluated as to how well they emulate the human voice. Around 1900, Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande consolidated the musical structures of Hindustani classical music, called ragas, into a few thaats based on their notes. Dover Lane Music Conference notably debuted in 1952 in Kolkata and Sawai Gandharva Bhimsen Festival in 1953 in Pune, while festivals such as the ITC SRA Sangeet Sammelan appeared in the early 1970s. With Kareena Kapoor, Sonam Kapoor, Kamlesh Gill, Swara Bhaskar. 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Kammath, first prize in Flute, 20-40 years, The Hindu Margazhi Classical Music Competition: Nithin Parthasarathy, third prize in Flute, 13-19 years, The Hindu Margazhi Classical Music Competition: B S Kishan Permudennaya, third prize in Flute, 13-19 years, The Hindu Margazhi Classical Music Competition: Krithikh Gopalakrishnan, second prize in Flute, 13-19 years, Watch | Indian Army's dog squad to sniff out COVID-19. Kumaraswamy, Dia Mirza, businessman Vaibhav Rekhi get married. These sections are followed by a rendition of bandish, with the pakhawaj as an accompaniment. It is performed with a tambura and a pakhawaj as instrumental accompaniments. The alap gradually unfolds into more rhythmic jod and jhala sections. [8] Each octave resonates with a certain part of the body, low octave in the heart, medium octave in the throat and high octave in the head.[8]. Narada's Sangita Makarandha treatise, from about 1100 CE, is the earliest text where rules similar to those of current Hindustani classical music can be found. Legend has it that upon his rendition of a night-time raga in the morning, the entire city fell under a hush and clouds gathered in the sky and that he could light fires by singing the raga "Deepak". You can support quality journalism by turning off ad blocker or purchase a subscription for unlimited access to The Hindu. The veena, a string instrument, was traditionally regarded as the most important, but few play it today and it has largely been superseded by its cousins the sitar and the sarod, both of which owe their origin to Persian influences. At the royal house of Gwalior, Raja Mansingh Tomar (1486–1516 CE) also participated in the shift from Sanskrit to the local idiom (Hindi) as the language for classical songs. To enable wide dissemination of news that is in public interest, we have increased the number of articles that can be read free, and extended free trial periods. Netflix to premiere Chaitanya Tamhane’s award-winning film The Disciple, an ode to Hindustani Classical Music By Priyadarshini Patwa 27 January … These principles were refined in the musical treatises Natya Shastra, by Bharata (2nd–3rd century CE), and Dattilam (probably 3rd–4th century CE).[1]. Sri. This system had many benefits, but also several drawbacks; in many cases, the shishya had to spend most of his time serving his guru with a hope that the guru might teach him a "cheez" (piece or nuance) or two. The newspaper received around 800 entries from participants across the world, some from as … Meanwhile, the Bhakti and Sufi traditions continued to develop and interact with the different gharanas and groups. In fact, in recent decades, especially outside South Asia, instrumental Hindustani music is more popular than vocal music, partly due to a somewhat different style and faster tempo, and partly because of a language barrier for the lyrics in vocal music. The three primary registers of Indian classical music are mandra (lower), madhya (middle) and taar (upper). The rudra veena, an ancient string instrument, is used in instrumental music in dhrupad. In medieval times, the melodic systems were fused with ideas from Persian music, particularly through the influence of Sufi composers like Amir Khusro, and later in the Mughal courts, noted composers such as Tansen flourished, along with religious groups like the Vaishnavites. Dhrupad is an old style of singing, traditionally performed by male singers. He himself penned several volumes of compositions on religious and secular themes and was also responsible for the major compilation, the Mankutuhal ("Book of Curiosity"), which outlined the major forms of music prevalent at the time. The central notion in both these systems is that of a melodic musical mode or raga, sung to a rhythmic cycle or tala. Ragas may originate from any source, including religious hymns, folk tunes, and music from outside the Indian subcontinent[citation needed]. Later, her parents try to create differences amongst the couple. In the 13th century, Sharangadeva composed the Sangita Ratnakara, which has names such as the turushka todi ("Turkish Todi"), revealing an influx of ideas from Islamic culture. In particular, the musician Tansen introduced a number of innovations, including ragas and particular compositions. Even from his first composition, he bridged the gap between Carnatic and Hindustani music and gave it mass appeal. The performance is set to a melodic pattern called a raga characterized in part by specific ascent (aroha) and descent (avaroha) sequences, "king" (vadi) and "queen" (samavadi) notes and characteristic phrases (pakad). Gandharvas are presented as spirits who are musical masters, and the gandharva style looks to music primarily for pleasure, accompanied by the soma rasa. Amir Khusrau is sometimes credited with the origins of the khyal form, but the record of his compositions do not appear to support this. The names of the jatis reflect regional origins, for example andhri and oudichya[citation needed]. Various other instruments have also been used in varying degrees. His books on music, as well as the Gandharva Mahavidyalaya music school that he opened in Lahore in 1901, helped foster a movement away from the closed gharana system. This text is the last to be mentioned by both the Carnatic and the Hindustani traditions and is often thought to date the divergence between the two. Buy and sell music with collectors in the Marketplace. After the 16th century, the singing styles diversified into different gharanas patronized in different princely courts. The difference between sargam and solfege is that re, ga, ma, dha, and ni can refer to either "Natural" (shuddha) or altered "Flat" (komal) or "Sharp" (teevra) versions of their respective scale degrees. He undertook extensive research visits to a large number of gharanas, Hindustani as well as Carnatic, collecting and comparing compositions. Sri Narasimha Joshi is an experienced Hindustani Vocalist and a passionate teacher. Hindustani classical music is an Indian classical music tradition. As we fight disinformation and misinformation, and keep apace with the happenings, we need to commit greater resources to news gathering operations. Since the octave location is not fixed, it is also possible to use provenances in mid-register (such as mandra-madhya or madhya-taar) for certain ragas. [3], First, as the power of the maharajahs and nawabs declined in the early 20th century, so did their patronage. Father: Mukund Mishra. Buy and sell music with collectors in the Marketplace. Smt.Smitha Wagh Carnatic Vocal. The Dattilam is focused on gandharva music and discusses scales (swara), defining a tonal framework called grama in terms of 22 micro-tonal intervals (sruti[2]) comprising one octave. The most influential musician of the Delhi Sultanate period was Amir Khusrau (1253–1325), a composer in Persian, Turkish, Arabic, as well as Braj Bhasha. An aspect of Hindustani music going back to Sufi times is the tradition of religious neutrality: Muslim ustads may sing compositions in praise of Hindu deities and vice versa. Tappa is a form of Indian semi-classical vocal music whose specialty is its rolling pace based on fast, subtle, knotty construction. Govindacharya, introduced some the core concepts of Carnatic Music such as Swara, Raaga, and Tala in the mid 15th Century. It’s a support for truth and fairness in journalism. Other leading exponents include the Gundecha Brothers and Uday Bhawalkar, who have received training from some of the Dagars. [citation needed]. To a large extent, it was limited to the palaces and dance halls. Khyal's features such as sargam and taan as well as movements to incorporate dhrupad-style alap have led to it becoming popular. Alap: a rhythmically free improvisation on the rules for the raga in order to give life to the raga and flesh out its characteristics. Light classical forms include dhamar, trivat, chaiti, kajari, tappa, tap-khyal, ashtapadis, thumri, dadra, ghazal and bhajan; these do not adhere to the rigorous rules of classical music. 1375 CE), Chandidas (14th–15th century), and Meerabai (1555–1603 CE). Meanwhile, Hindustani classical music has become popular across the world through the influence of artists such as Ravi Shankar and Ali Akbar Khan. At this difficult time, it becomes even more important that we have access to information that has a bearing on our health and well-being, our lives, and livelihoods. A typical rendition of Hindustani raga involves two stages: Tans are of several types like Shuddha, Koot, Mishra, Vakra, Sapaat, Saral, Chhoot, Halaq, Jabda, Murki. However, the efforts by a few proponents, especially from the Dagar family, have led to its revival. This can be seen as part of a larger Bhakti tradition, (strongly related to the Vaishnavite movement) which remained influential across several centuries; notable figures include Jayadeva (11th century), Vidyapati (fl. Smita Uday Wagh, a senior Hindustani Vocalist is a Graded artist of Akashavani, Mumbai. Indian classical music has seven basic notes with five interspersed half-notes, resulting in a 12-note scale. Titled ‘A Dream I Lived Alone‘, the biography begins from his childhood days, and covers every other important detail of his life.“I started working [on the book] in 2014, and jotted down the years in ascending order. [8], There are three main octaves: low (mandra), medium (madhya) and high (tāra). Khyal is the modern Hindustani form of vocal music. There are three types of thumri: poorab ang, Lucknavi, and Punjabi thumri. [8] It is said that there are two types of sound: āhata (struck/audible) and anāhata (unstruck/inaudible). In the percussion ensemble, the tabla and the pakhavaj are the most popular. Vocal music set to this mode of poetry is popular with multiple variations across Central Asia, the Middle East, as well as other countries and regions of the world. The origin of Khyal is controversial, although it is accepted that this style was based on dhrupad and influenced by other musical traditions. Dattilam categorizes melodic structure into 18 groups called jati, which are the fundamental melodic structures similar to the raga. Between 1909 and 1932, he produced the monumental four-volume work Hindustani Sangeeta Paddhati,[7] which suggested a transcription for Indian music, and described the many traditions in this notation. As a leading exponent in Hindustani classical music, more. Cooking together, or rather her dad cooking and the rest of the family eating, listening to music, travelling, anything really. It may also be called North Indian classical music or, in Hindustani, shastriya sangeet (śāstriya saṅgīt). In modern times, the government-run All India Radio, Bangladesh Betar and Radio Pakistan helped to bring the artists to public attention, countering the loss of the patronage system. Venkatamakin, and Sri. The great Indian musician Tansen sang in the dhrupad style. As with movable do solfege, the notes are heard relative to an arbitrary tonic that varies from performance to performance, rather than to fixed frequencies, as on a xylophone. It has helped us keep apace with events and happenings. As a subscriber, you are not only a beneficiary of our work but also its enabler. Crossword blog #244 | My God, what dogma! minent music director Rajan of Rajan-Nagendra fame died late on Sunday at his residence in Bengaluru due to a cardiac arrest. A section of dhrupad singers of Delhi Gharana from Mughal emperor Shah Jahan's court migrated to Bettiah under the patronage of the Bettiah Raj, giving rise to the Bettiah Gharana.[9]. Until the late 19th century, Hindustani classical music was imparted on a one-on-one basis through the guru-shishya ("mentor-protégé") tradition. One possible classification of ragas is into "melodic modes" or "parent scales", known as thaats, under which most ragas can be classified based on the notes they use. Dr. B.R. Awards: The title ‘Miyan’ was conferred upon him by Akbar. Jayadeva's Gita Govinda from the 12th century was perhaps the earliest musical composition sung in the classical tradition called Ashtapadi music[citation needed]. [citation needed], Around the 12th century, Hindustani classical music diverged from what eventually came to be identified as Carnatic classical music. The singer improvises and finds inspiration within the raga to depict the khyal. Some recent performers of this genre are Abdul Karim Khan, the brothers Barkat Ali Khan and Bade Ghulam Ali Khan, Begum Akhtar, Girija Devi, Prabha Atre, Siddheshwari Devi, and Shobha Gurtu. It originated from the folk songs of the camel riders of Punjab and was developed as a form of classical music by Mian Ghulam Nabi Shori or Shori Mian, a court singer for Asaf-Ud-Dowlah, the Nawab of Awadh. He has used 130-140 ragas in his songs and that’s the most by any musician in Malayalam. Dhrupad music is primarily devotional in theme and content. In particular, the musical form known as dhrupad saw considerable development in his court and remained a strong point of the Gwalior gharana for many centuries. Sunny Hindustani is an Indian singer who was the winner of the 11th season of Indian Idol.. This form was popularized by Mughal Emperor Mohammad Shah through his court musicians; some well-known composers of this period were Sadarang, Adarang, and Manrang. In Carnatic style, there are 72 basic scales and in Hindustani style there are 10 basic scales. Some of the best known vocalists who sing in the Dhrupad style are the members of the Dagar lineage, including the senior Dagar brothers, Nasir Moinuddin and Nasir Aminuddin Dagar; the junior Dagar brothers, Nasir Zahiruddin and Nasir Faiyazuddin Dagar; and Wasifuddin, Fariduddin, and Sayeeduddin Dagar. Dover Lane Music Conference notably debuted in 1952 in Kolkata and Sawai Gandharva Bhimsen Festival in 1953 in Pune , while festivals such as the ITC SRA Sangeet Sammelan appeared in the early 1970s. Sunny was born in Amarpura Basti, Bhatinda, Punjab, in a poor family. Hindustani musicians name these pitches using a system called Sargam, the equivalent of the Western movable do solfege: Both systems repeat at the octave. Ravana and Narada from Hindu mythology are accomplished musicians; Saraswati with her veena is the goddess of music. The results of The Hindu Margazhi Classical Music Competition are finally out. Among bowed instruments, the sarangi and violin are popular. Learn more about Shankar’s life and career. In addition, the system forced the music to be limited to a small subsection of the Indian community. Hindustani classical music is the classical music of northern regions of the Indian subcontinent. Rarely used plucked or struck string instruments include the surbahar, sursringar, santoor, and various versions of the slide guitar. Purandara Dasa, the father of Carnatic Music, Sri. The lyrics, some of which were written in Sanskrit centuries ago, are presently often sung in brajbhasha, a medieval form of North and East Indian languages that were spoken in Eastern India. Ghulam Nabi Azad Proud to be a Hindustani Muslim: Ghulam Nabi Azad, outgoing Leader of Opposition in Rajya Sabha. Paluskar's contemporary (and occasional rival) Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande recognized the many rifts that had appeared in the structure of Indian classical music. "Nidhubabur Tappa", or tappas sung by Nidhu Babu were very popular in 18th and 19th-century Bengal. With Aamir Khan, Karisma Kapoor, Suresh Oberoi, Johnny Lever. Khan got his basic classical music training from his father and later studied music under his cousin, Ustad Nissar Hussain Khan. Narada actually names and classifies the system in its earlier form before the Persian influences introduced changes in the system. Finally, it suggested a possible categorization of ragas based on their notes into a number of thaats (modes), subsequent to the Melakarta system that reorganized Carnatic tradition in the 17th century. With the expulsion of Wajid Ali Shah to Calcutta after 1857, the Lucknavi musical tradition came to influence the music of the renaissance in Bengal, giving rise to the tradition of Ragpradhan gan around the turn of the century. The Hindu Margazhi Classical Music Competition: Brindha Sivakumar, third prize in Hindustani, 20-40 years January 24, 2021 13:13 IST Updated: January 24, 2021 13:13 IST It is melodic music, with no concept of harmony. Delivering his farewell speech in the Upper House of Parliament, the veteran Congressman recalled his association with several leaders, including stalwarts from other parties, which helped him learn many things. Among the earliest modern music festivals focusing on Hindustani classical music was the Harballabh Sangeet Sammelan, founded in 1875 in Jallandhar. The singer uses these few lines as a basis for fast improvisation. Khyal contains a greater variety of embellishments and ornamentations compared to dhrupad. According to his family members, 87 … A number of Gurukuls, such as that of Alauddin Khan at Maihar, flourished. It contains recitals in praise of particular deities. However, we have a request for those who can afford to subscribe: please do. The melodic foundations are called ragas. In the Vishnudharmottara Purana, the Naga king Ashvatara asks to know the swaras from Saraswati[citation needed]. It also discusses various arrangements of the notes (murchhana), the permutations and combinations of note-sequences (tanas), and alankara or elaboration. A lighter form of dhrupad called dhamar, is sung primarily during the spring festival of Holi. He created six genres of music: khyal, tarana, Naqsh, Gul, Qaul, and Qalbana. The first star was Gauhar Jan, whose career was born out of Fred Gaisberg's first recordings of Indian music in 1902. Among the earliest modern music festivals focusing on Hindustani classical music was the Harballabh Sangeet Sammelan, founded in 1875 in Jallandhar. Four girls on their way to find true love discover that friendship this … Considered as the greatest musician in India, Tansen is credited with the creation of the classical music that dominates the north of India (Hindustani classical music). the Sham Chaurasia gharana). Distinguished musicians who are Hindu may be addressed as Pandit and those who are Muslim as Ustad. Prakrati Wahane, Born in 1999, has received God's gift in the form of music. The ragas that exist today were categorized according to this scheme, although there are some inconsistencies and ambiguities in Bhatkande's system. Music also finds mention in Buddhist and Jain texts from the earliest periods of the common era[citation needed]. Raja Chakradhar Singh of Raigarh was the last of the modern era Maharajas to patronize Hindustani classical musicians, singers and dancers. We have been keeping you up-to-date with information on the developments in India and the world that have a bearing on our health and wellbeing, our lives and livelihoods, during these difficult times. The fine intonational differences between different instances of the same swara are called srutis. Sunny is in relationship with an US author name Ramdey Early life and career. After the dissolution of the Mughal empire, the patronage of music continued in smaller princely kingdoms like Awadh, Patiala, and Banaras, giving rise to the diversity of styles that is today known as gharanas. Khyal, literally meaning "thought" or "imagination" in Hindustani and derived from the Persian/Arabic term, is a two- to eight-line lyric set to a melody. Hindustani music places more emphasis on improvisation and exploring all aspects of a raga, while Carnatic music is primarily composition-based. The advent of Islamic rule under the Delhi Sultanate and later the Mughal Empire over northern India caused considerable cultural interchange. The compositions by the court musician Sadarang in the court of Muhammad Shah bear a closer affinity to the modern khyal. The tillana of Carnatic music is based on the tarana, although the former is primarily associated with dance. 's Sidhi district, South Africa asks Serum Institute to take back 1 million vaccine doses, says report, Kamala Harris and her family will uphold “highest ethical standards”, says White House, Tolerance deficit: On ‘toolkit conspiracy’ case, India and Australia were evolutionary neighbours, a link found in Bhimbetka shows, CBI books nine NTPC officials for alleged corruption, Disha Ravi arrest | I am proud of 21-year-old martyr, not propagandists: Jal Shakti Minister, Activists Nikita, Shantanu, Disha created and spread toolkit: Delhi Police, Disha Ravi arrest: ‘Delhi police did not follow due process’. Discover music on Discogs, the largest online music database. [4][5], Also, at the turn of the century, Vishnu Digambar Paluskar and Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande spread Hindustani classical music to the masses in general by organizing music conferences, starting schools, teaching music in classrooms, devising a standardized grading and testing system, and standardizing the notation system.[6]. Watch | What are the side effects of the two COVID-19 vaccines rolled out in India? At present Prem Kumar Mallick, Prashant and Nishant Mallick are the Dhrupad vocalists of this tradition. There are three variations of bandish, regarding tempo: Semi Classical music/Light classical music, This page was last edited on 15 January 2021, at 08:34. Dhrupad compositions begin with a relatively long and acyclic alap, where the syllables of the following mantra is recited: "Om Anant tam Taran Tarini Twam Hari Om Narayan, Anant Hari Om Narayan". Thumri is a semi-classical vocal form said to have begun in Uttar Pradesh with the court of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah, (r. 1847–1856). This helped spur the fusion of Hindu and Muslim ideas to bring forth new forms of musical synthesis like qawwali and khyal. Since losing its main patrons among the royalty in Indian princely states, dhrupad risked becoming extinct in the first half of the twentieth century. Tansen was … In more modern times, corporate support has also been forthcoming, as at the ITC Sangeet Research Academy. We also reiterate here the promise that our team of reporters, copy editors, fact-checkers, designers, and photographers will deliver quality journalism that stays away from vested interest and political propaganda. While the term raga is articulated in the Natya Shastra (where its meaning is more literal, meaning "colour" or "mood"), it finds a clearer expression in what is called jati in the Dattilam, a text composed shortly after or around the same time as Natya Shastra. The Hindu has always stood for journalism that is in the public interest. Watch | One of the world's fastest supercomputers, Pitta Kathalu: In conversation with the directors of the anthology, Watch | Budget 2021: What's costlier and what's cheaper, The Hindu Margazhi Classical Music Competition: Arjun Sai, first prize in Vocal, 0 to 12 years, The Hindu Margazhi Classical Music Competition: Malola Priya, second prize in Hindustani, 20-40 years, The Hindu Margazhi Classical Music Competition: Prateet Ojha, first prize in Hindustani, 0-12 years, The Hindu Margazhi Classical Music Competition: Shraavanisree J, second prize in Hindustani, 0-12 years, The Hindu Margazhi Classical Music Competition: Shreya Gonugunta, first prize in Hindustani, 13-19 years, The Hindu Margazhi Classical Music Competition: Irene Philip, second prize in Hindustani, 13-19 years, The Hindu Margazhi Classical Music Competition: S Haripriya, third prize in Hindustani, 13-19 years, The Hindu Margazhi Classical Music Competition: Swamini Yeshwant Munagekar, first prize in Hindustani, 20-40 years, The Hindu Margazhi Classical Music Competition: Rajasee Bhattacharya, second prize in Hindustani, 20-40 years, The Hindu Margazhi Classical Music Competition: Brindha Sivakumar, third prize in Hindustani, 20-40 years, Bombay Jayashri dedicates the award to her mother and gurus, Apple to fix charging issues in its watch for free, Data | Over 50,000 hectares of forest land in Uttarakhand diverted for various projects in last 30 years, Disha Ravi arrest | Worried parents urge children to ‘tone down’ social media posts, ‘Make In India’ lion statue at Windsor Square, Muslim businessman from Chennai donates ₹1 lakh for Ayodhya Ram Temple, At Delhi border, fathers face sons at the barricades, Houses of those not donating for Ram Mandir being marked, claims H.D. Art music of northern regions of the Indian subcontinent, A lady playing the Tanpura, c. 1735 (Rajasthan), Hindustani music’s influence during the Delhi Sultanate, A Study of Dattilam: A Treatise on the Sacred Music of Ancient India, 1978, p 283, Mukunda Lāṭha, Dattila, The Journal of the Music Academy, Madras - Volume 62 -1991 - Page 157, India's Kathak Dance Past, Present, Future: - Page 28, "Marathi News, Latest Marathi News, Marathi News Paper,Marathi News Paper in Mumbai", "Many Bihari artists ignored by SPIC MACAY", Music technology (electronic and digital), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hindustani_classical_music&oldid=1000485789, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2019, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.

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